National Study of the Risk Factors of Non communicable Disease has estimated the prevalence of diabetes among the Iranian population was 7.7% in 2008 (With confidence interval of 95%:7.5-7.9) [6]. World Health Organization has estimated that the number of diabetic patients in Iran to reach over six million in 2030 [6]. The most common complication of diabetes is that the disease imposes high costs on individual and society. Onset of complications, especially if it is combined whit small and blood large vessels, (vascular injuries) the disease can lead to reduced life quality [5]. Pathogenesis and mortality due to the complications and major health-care issues are great concerns in the world [6] and that is why considerable attention has shifted to the investment for diabetes control [7]. Maintaining optimal level
of blood glucose is essential in diabetes care as well as in reduction of diabetes complications [8]. International Diabetes Federation recommends that patients should maintain good glycolic control, and self-care measures. These measures include: 1-follow a healthy diet, 2 -Regular drugs use, 3- regular exercise, and 4 -Blood glucose monitoring. Although the prevention of the morbidity and mortality of these cases seems simple, many diabetic patients have not followed their physician’s self-care recommendations. There is not enough information about the average blood sugar control among the Iranian patients, however increase of the diabetes prevalence, sound alarm of poor control [9, 10]. Self-care
improves the life quality, reduces care costs and specifically the number of hospitalized cases. Complications of the acute and chronic diabetes can be prevented or delayed through continuous monitoring, [11]. One of the basic theories concerning the diabetic patients nursing is self-care theory of Orem. [12]. The theory expresses that the patient is passive and just recipient of health services, but he or she must be a strong, reliable and responsible individual who possesses decision making power. The power which can provide him or her with self-health care responsibility, better performance [12], more knowledge about various issues including diabetes self-care principles, the ways of continuous controlling the blood glucose and keeping it at near normal levels, prevention of the disease complications, and lastly it creates hope for
longer life and less health care costs. Undoubtedly, achieving such goals requires dynamic and continuous public participation [13]. Without education and participation in self-care programs, health care costs will increase and life quality will decline [14].