Conclusion
According to Dutton and Jackson, the ability of decision makers cognitively process complex organizational issues such as crises is directly affected by whether they frame the crisis as a threat or opportunity. Millikendemonstrates that framing issues as opportunities allows decision makers to feel more in control and less uncertain than when framing issues as threats. The time sensitive and pressurized nature of organizational crises makes it difficult for executives to see them as opportunities; however, we strongly believe that organizations can"buffer" bad news messages by cultivating a positive organizational culture prior to an acute organizational crisis. Organizations that focus on appreciating and cultivat positive organizational traits such as hope, and optimism prior to a crisis may be more successful in garnering employee support during and after the crisis.who argue that managers must maintain and enhance strong employee relationships(relational reserves) during a crisis to ensure commitment and productivity, we argue that CEOs who actively pro- mote a positive organizational culture, focusing on positive organizational traits and strong employee relationships, will build a reservoir of goodwill that can buffer bad news. Aaron Feuerstein's building of a positive organizational culture at Malden Mills
helped the company through financial crisis and result in deep and abiding employee loyalty, even in the face of layoffs. In our contemporary business climate bad news and crisis events are almost de rigueur, and certainly any CEO or senior executive must expect to respond to such an occurrence. Davis(2010) writes that as the current financial crisis continues to affect businesses, "What's needed is a much higher level of leader presence: more intense, more transparent and more authentic than ever before". Davis also describes how this leadership presence is made manifest. She explains that"leader communication in this form demands that leaders"show up, giving the straight story, providing context, talking it through, and keeping at it" (p. 24). This approach aligns strongly with call for"optimistic discourse that emphasizes moving beyond the crisis, focusing on strong value positions, responsibility to stakeholders, and growth as a result of the crisis" (p. 362). All these authors have moved beyond the"sandwich" prescription for curing the bad news ailment and toward a more positive and engaged leadership com- munication practice as a core of a positive organizational culture. Perhaps then, as business communication professionals, we should be teaching our students more about POB and creating a positive organizational culture, one where employees and managers are resilient and optimistic, in order to more effectively communicate bad
news. Just how might we incorporate such thinking into our business communication classes?
AN buwinene kmatnication professional we believe we wincavild be tionat culture: and the procennes volved in creating a possitive orwania as opposed omployees and managers are r and optimisaic focused to weaknesses, including the precepts of POB in our classes serves not only as a conceptual frame for the effective communication of news out also expands the repertoire of broader communication bad in a more optimistic, resilient, and potentially practicesing that abandon successful approach. We are not suggest- we teaching the sandwich message delivering bad news wholesale. However, we recommend that business communication teachers stress that correct news in an of"indirect approach" is not the only consideration of delivering bad organization. Rather, we want our students thinking about the broader con- text of organizational life through which the message is being transmitted and how they might best respond to the specific business culture of their organization. By work- ing prior to an organizational crisis to craft a culture that values positive psychological traits such as hope, optimism, and resiliency, business communication professionals can contribute to the creation of a new kind of psychological buffer. This new model of incorporating lessons from positive psychology may help organizations to guard against panic during times ofcrisis and to provide a positive framework through which to"read" bad news, potentially making our workplaces more optimistic, resilient, and humane.
Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research authorship. and/or publication of this article. Funding The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
สรุปดัตและ Jackson ความสามารถของผู้ตัดสินใจ cognitively ประมวลปัญหาองค์กรที่ซับซ้อนเช่นวิกฤตโดยตรงได้รับผลกระทบ โดยไม่ว่าจะโครงวิกฤตเป็นภัยคุกคามหรือโอกาส Millikendemonstrates ที่กรอบปัญหาเป็นโอกาสให้ตัดสินใจเพิ่มเติมในการควบคุม และน้อยแน่กว่าเมื่อกรอบปัญหาเป็นภัยคุกคาม เวลาสำคัญ และแรงดันธรรมชาติวิกฤตขององค์กรจึงเป็นการยากสำหรับผู้บริหารเพื่อดูเป็นโอกาส อย่างไรก็ตาม เราเชื่อมั่นว่า องค์กรสามารถ "บัฟเฟอร์" ข้อความข่าวร้าย โดยการพัฒนาวัฒนธรรมองค์กรในเชิงบวกก่อนวิกฤตองค์กรการเฉียบพลัน องค์กรที่เน้นการชื่นชมและ cultivat บวกองค์กรลักษณะเช่น หวัง และมองในแง่ดีก่อนวิกฤตอาจประสบความสำเร็จมากกว่าใน garnering สนับสนุนพนักงานในระหว่าง และหลังจาก crisis.who ยืนยันว่า ผู้จัดการต้องรักษา และเสริมสร้างความสัมพันธ์แข็งแกร่งพนักงาน (สำรองเชิง) ในช่วงวิกฤตความมุ่งมั่นและทำงาน เรายืนยันว่า Ceo ที่มีมลทินโปวัฒนธรรมองค์กรในเชิงบวก เน้นลักษณะองค์กรบวกและความสัมพันธ์ที่แข็งแกร่งพนักงาน จะสร้างอ่างเก็บน้ำของความนิยมที่สามารถบัฟเฟอร์ข่าวร้าย สร้างวัฒนธรรมองค์กรในเชิงบวกที่ลัอ Malden Aaron Feuersteinhelped the company through financial crisis and result in deep and abiding employee loyalty, even in the face of layoffs. In our contemporary business climate bad news and crisis events are almost de rigueur, and certainly any CEO or senior executive must expect to respond to such an occurrence. Davis(2010) writes that as the current financial crisis continues to affect businesses, "What's needed is a much higher level of leader presence: more intense, more transparent and more authentic than ever before". Davis also describes how this leadership presence is made manifest. She explains that"leader communication in this form demands that leaders"show up, giving the straight story, providing context, talking it through, and keeping at it" (p. 24). This approach aligns strongly with call for"optimistic discourse that emphasizes moving beyond the crisis, focusing on strong value positions, responsibility to stakeholders, and growth as a result of the crisis" (p. 362). All these authors have moved beyond the"sandwich" prescription for curing the bad news ailment and toward a more positive and engaged leadership com- munication practice as a core of a positive organizational culture. Perhaps then, as business communication professionals, we should be teaching our students more about POB and creating a positive organizational culture, one where employees and managers are resilient and optimistic, in order to more effectively communicate badข่าว วิธีใดเราจึงอาจรวมความคิดดังกล่าวเข้าเรียนสื่อสารธุรกิจAN buwinene kmatnication professional we believe we wincavild be tionat culture: and the procennes volved in creating a possitive orwania as opposed omployees and managers are r and optimisaic focused to weaknesses, including the precepts of POB in our classes serves not only as a conceptual frame for the effective communication of news out also expands the repertoire of broader communication bad in a more optimistic, resilient, and potentially practicesing that abandon successful approach. We are not suggest- we teaching the sandwich message delivering bad news wholesale. However, we recommend that business communication teachers stress that correct news in an of"indirect approach" is not the only consideration of delivering bad organization. Rather, we want our students thinking about the broader con- text of organizational life through which the message is being transmitted and how they might best respond to the specific business culture of their organization. By work- ing prior to an organizational crisis to craft a culture that values positive psychological traits such as hope, optimism, and resiliency, business communication professionals can contribute to the creation of a new kind of psychological buffer. This new model of incorporating lessons from positive psychology may help organizations to guard against panic during times ofcrisis and to provide a positive framework through which to"read" bad news, potentially making our workplaces more optimistic, resilient, and humane.Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research authorship. and/or publication of this article. Funding The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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