S. cerevisiae strains generally produce low
amounts of malate (0.3–2 g/l) (Fatichenti et al. 1984;
Schwartz and Radler 1988; Yéramian et al. 2007).
Fermentation conditions such as low temperatures, high must
pH (pH=5), low sugar, low initial malic acid, and low initial
yeast-assimilable nitrogen (YAN) concentrations were found
to promote the production of malate by S. cerevisiae(Yéramian
et al. 2007). The production of malic acid in some malic acidproducing
S. cerevisiae strains was influenced by the concentrations
of fumarate and pyruvate (Yéramian et al. 2007). Some
wild types, which produced high malic acid such as
S. cerevisiae strain 43 (ATCC 42510) (Wang et al. 1998) and
S. cerevisiae sake yeast strain no. 28 (Nakayama et al. 2012),
have been isolated. The essential criteria for selecting and
developing new wine yeasts have been discussed by Fleet
(2008). There were four possible pathways which contain
glyoxylate route (noncyclic or cyclic), TCA cycle, direct oxaloacetate
reduction for malate production in S. cerevisiae and
were summarized by Zelle et al.
S. cerevisiae strains generally produce lowamounts of malate (0.3–2 g/l) (Fatichenti et al. 1984;Schwartz and Radler 1988; Yéramian et al. 2007).Fermentation conditions such as low temperatures, high mustpH (pH=5), low sugar, low initial malic acid, and low initialyeast-assimilable nitrogen (YAN) concentrations were foundto promote the production of malate by S. cerevisiae(Yéramianet al. 2007). The production of malic acid in some malic acidproducingS. cerevisiae strains was influenced by the concentrationsof fumarate and pyruvate (Yéramian et al. 2007). Somewild types, which produced high malic acid such asS. cerevisiae strain 43 (ATCC 42510) (Wang et al. 1998) andS. cerevisiae sake yeast strain no. 28 (Nakayama et al. 2012),have been isolated. The essential criteria for selecting anddeveloping new wine yeasts have been discussed by Fleet(2008). There were four possible pathways which containglyoxylate route (noncyclic or cyclic), TCA cycle, direct oxaloacetatereduction for malate production in S. cerevisiae andwere summarized by Zelle et al.
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