The debate over the first question begets another question: adminis Are trators"born" or can they be"made," that is, The development of educational programs for public service in the first half of the twentieth century proceeded from the belief that a body of knowledge could be derived that, when taught to novices, could help them become better execu- e.g., Mosher 1975). Yet a contrary belief maintains that innate tives(see, or"inborn" talents predispose certain persons to become leaders or ex plary managers, meaning that they are"natural-born leaders. Janssen