The general trend in CAMPFIRE has been to set up its own set of structures, which operate in conjunction
with, but separate from, the existing central and local government structures’
(Plan Afric, 1997). These structures have the sanction of withdrawing CAMPFIRE status if their policy is not complied with. Campfire is less a case of ‘co
management’, as claimed, and more a case of ‘persuasion’ (Plan Afric, 1997