This prospective observational cohort, cross-sectional
investigation was approved by the University of Pennsylvania
Institutional Review Board. Nursing and physician
practitioners from emergency medicine and critical care
practice domains across the US attended a structured, 2-day
educational intervention focused on TTM implementation.
Once registered in the program, the clinicians were asked to
complete a brief online survey before participation and a
subsequent survey 6 months after attending the training
intervention. Surveys were offered to participants who
attended the program convened during October 2010,
March 2011, July 2011, and October 2011.