We identified specific cognitive features in children with ASD
and ADHD by using multidimensional screening behavioral
checklists, cognitive assessments, and a comprehensive neuropsychological
battery. We could distinguish between ASD and ADHD
by using a combination of various assessments, because two
groups showed unique characteristics in their cognitive ability and
EF. In conclusion, although ASD and ADHD have many overlapping
features, we can reach a comprehensive distinction by focusing on
behavioral, cognitive, and EF features. The scores on the ASSQ, brief
AQ, and ‘‘Picture concept’’ subscale of the WISC-IV are useful in
making a differential diagnosis of ASD. Additionally, the scores of
the ADHD-RS-IV and SWM of the CANTAB1 battery were helpful in
making a differential diagnosis of ADHD. The results of the
CANTAB1 suggest that children with ADHD have difficulty in
simultaneously using two cognitive functions.