Socio-economic and health surveys: An exploratory sample survey of household socio-economic and health characteristics was administered to approximately one quarter of households in both communities. These surveys provided some baseline data for the two communities and also served to place researchers in the communities for long periods of time, introducing the action-research program to those community members who had not yet been actively involved. GIS was used to create survey zones so that the survey sample was spatially representative of the community. The maps of zones were used by survey proctors to guide their work