Screening models also can be integrated with other methods of analysis and models in order to take into account a greater breadth of policy and market conditions [17–23]. This integration can increase uncertainty, particularly when the reduced form model, such as COBRA, has not been validated [24]. Given the com-plex nature of PM2.5formation and transport, energy planners maybe able to decrease uncertainty by basing reduced-form bene fits asses sments on photochemical models. A tool such as Ben MAP is designed so that the user can enter previously obtained data from models such as CMAQ. This type of analysis allows for increase edaccuracy in the health impact assessment because the evaluation is based on a specific point source and for a specific population (taking into account size and distribution relative to the point source).