desired level of flavour. This will not only unbalance the formula but will make it impracticable. If this natural flavour is fortified with synthetic flavour it will have more taste appeal than the use of natural flavours alone.
3. Imitation: The imitation of natural flavours are rarely used alone but are blended with fruit juices and essential oils to give a better result. Imitation flavours are not found in nature but used to reproduce the natural flavour. Classification of Flavours:
i. Non-alcoholic flavour: These are prepared by dissolving ingredients in Glycerine propylene, glycol or vegetable oil. These help to retain the flavour during baking by reducing vaporization.
ii. Alcoholic extract: These flavours are dissolved in ethyl alcohol. They are too volatile for use during baking but are very suitable for icing and fillings which do not undergo baking.
iii. Emulsifiers: These flavouring oils are dispersed in gum solution which help to obtain an even distribution through batter and dough and also maintaining stability during baking.
iv. Powdered flavourings: These are prepared by emulsifying components in heavy gum/water solution, then spray dried to form powders.
Anything can cause off flavours in the baked products and some of the causes are:
1. Inferior Ingredients: These are the prime causes for end products having off flavours-musty flour, mouldy cake or bread crumbs, eggs which are not fresh, shortening low in anti-oxidant, spoiled milk etc.
2. Unbalanced Formula: The formula should be balanced in such a way that the total effect of this should have an appealing blending of the foundation flavours of all the ingredients included in the formula.
3. Inferior flavourings: Not only the inferior flavourings but too much of the flavouring will also give the product an off flavour.
4. Wrong pH: This can happen if an excess of soda is added in the formula or if there is too much of acidity produced in the product.
Excess of Soda in the formula will have the undermentioned defects in the end products:excessive caramelization, crumbliness and poor texture, dryness and discoloration of the crumb and soapy taste. Each of these faults individually or in combination has a direct effect on the flavour and aroma of the finished product.
5. Faulty baking as well as faulty processing: These will cause either excess or lack of flavour.
6. Unclean pans: If the pans used for baking are not thoroughly cleaned of residual material, it may cause an off flavour in the product. Wrong pan grease and improper storage of cleaned and greased pan should be avoided.
7. Cheap and wrong type of packaging and wrapping material: These will effect the flavour of the finished product.
8. Poor ventilation and lack of proper air circulation: Within the bake house these conditions may cause off flavour.