Increased ICAM-1 in the Glenohumeral Joint Capsule and Synovial Fluid of Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis
The real-time RT-PCR data for the capsular tissue showed that the mean quantity of ICAM-1 mRNA was 1.70 ± 0.19 arbitrary units in the patients with adhesive capsulitis and 0.67 ± 0.24 in the controls (p < 0.05, Fig. 2). There were endothelial cells and a few chronic inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes in the perivascular area of the capsule and synovium of the patients with adhesive capsulitis, but there were few inflammatory cells in the tissue from the controls (Fig. 3). Immunohistochemistry for ICAM-1 showed increased staining of ICAM-1 about the endothelial cell layer in the synovium and capsule of the pa- tients with adhesive capsulitis compared with the control pa- tients (Fig. 3). The western blotting results revealed increased levels of the ICAM-1 molecule in the glenohumeral synovial fluid of the patients with adhesive capsulitis compared with the controls. ICAM-1 was visible as a dark band (85-110 kDa) on SDS-PAGE electrophoresis (Fig. 4-A). The mean ICAM-1 con- centration in the synovial fluid was 1.70 ± 0.18 arbitrary units in the patients with adhesive capsulitis and 0.48 ± 0.17 in the controls (p < 0.05, Fig. 4-B).