A Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was conducted on Mr. Smith to ascertain his ability to cognitively give a good pain and other history. He scores 30/30 and therefore is deemed cognitively intact to give a thorough pain history. Mr. Smith tells Jayne that immediately after his diagnosis he received several cycles of chemotherapy and a course radiotherapy to his lungs with the aim for cure. He was then informed 6 months ago that his cancer had retumed. Two months after that he was told that tests indicated that he now had bone metastases and he received 5 palliative radiotherapy treatments which helped. He was then told that no more radiation or chemotherapy treatments could be offered. He has been using Codeine 15 mg by mouth every four hours with 15 mg by mouth every one hour for breakthrough as needed to manage his pain. This regimen worked well until the last few days when his oral Codeine had to be increased to 30mg one day and then 45 mg orally mg every four hours the next day and he was taking up to six oral 15m breakthroughs over one 24 hour period and then three 30mg breakthroughs in the next 24 hours with no relief. He only trusted taking the Codeine and was refusing to take any different pain medication or to have it by another route besides orally. Jayne notes that Mr. Smith has been suffering with a chronic malignant generalized pain, Yesterday he went to the ED because he had begun experiencing a different acute pain to his back. Mr. Smith quit smoking two months ago and his wife tells Jayme that he is still battling a lifelong addiction Mr. Smith took an early retirement because of his cancer diagnosis. He loved his work, so this was a huge financial and emotional loss for him. He has been married for 54 years and has a supportive wife but is estranged from his only son. Mrs. Smith feels that her husband has been depressed since his diagnosis and lately he has been telling her that he is fearful of dying in pain like his brother. His brother died of lung cancer several years ago with very poor pain and symptom management Initial goals of care have been discussed and documented with Mr. and Mrs. Smith, They have requested a and a strictly pailiativelcomfort care focus. They are informed that their do not attempt resuscitation order wishes will be respected and that goals wil be reviewed with them by the team on aregular basis