The results show clearly that TENS is an effective
modality for the treatment of low back pain. Because
of the double-blind, randomized design of the study,
the significant effectiveness of TENS cannot be attributed
to other factors such as placebo efficiency or
other psychological effects. The significant correlations
between pain-relief scores and range-of-motion
scores highlight the usefulness of pain evaluation.
The PPI score of the MPQ can be obtained in less
than a minute and provides valuable information
about subjective pain relief that can complement
range-of-motion scores.