Light Bulbs
It is important to consider what kind of bulb a table lamp will take as bulbs for table lamps can range from 15 to 150 watts. You now also have the choice of using CFLs or LED bulbs along with incandescent ones. However, it is important to remember that you should never use higher wattage than specified on your lamp.
If you need the lamp for a decorative purpose only, a low wattage lamp could serve that purpose well. But if you are relying on your lamp to be an important source of light, consider getting one that accommodates three way lighting, where you can make your light brighter or dimmer as needed.
Shades
Most lamps come with detachable shades that you can easily change. The size of the shade depends on how large your lamp is, and where you are placing it.
Use a light colored shade such as white or off-white if you need more light from your lamp, such as for reading. A darker or opaque shade limits the light output and is good when you want a more subtle effect.
Style
There is an infinite variety of styles available. Choose a style that will complement your décor. Does your room have a modern feel to it? Buy a lamp that will be at home in that setting.
For a more traditional room a sleek, modern lamp might feel completely out of place. Look to something that is more traditional, like an urn shape. Try to align your lamp choice with your existing décor.