In addition to peptides, some polysaccharides and lipids from animals were also reported for antimicrobial effect.
Chitosan, a natural linear polysaccharide obtained from the exoskeletons of crustaceans and arthropods, is known for its
unique polycationic nature and has been used as an active material for its antifungal activity [82] and antibacterial
activity [83]. Antibacterial activity of chitosan was observed against S. aureus and E. coli, while its molecular weight
appeared to be a significant parameter defining its activity [83]. Lipids of animal origin were also reported for
antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms [84]. Milk lipids could inactivate Gram-positive and Gramnegative
bacteria and fungi [9, 85]. Lipids in food may serve to inhibit the proliferation and prevent the pathogenic and
spoilage microorganisms in food matrixes. In addition, other components in animals such as eicosapentaenoic acid and
docosahexaenoic acid exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria