The presence of cardiovascular disease, autonomic neuropathy or anaemia, or prior treatment with β-adrenergic blockers or calcium-channel blockers may worsen the cardio-vascular response to blood loss.
The presence of cardiovascular disease, autonomic neuropathyor anaemia, or prior treatment with β-adrenergicblockers or calcium-channel blockers may worsen thecardio-vascular response to blood loss.