Thermocycle characterization of the PCR microchip. The
temperature distribution over the entire PCR heater, obtained
from COMSOL MultiphysicsH simulation, showed very good
uniformity (Figure 3A). Detailed temperature profile inside the
chamber area was further analyzed (Figure 3B), which shows
uniform temperature within 1uC variation, demonstrating the
capability of the heater. When a voltage of 15 V was applied, the
PCR sample inside the microchip reached 95uC from room
temperature within 11 sec.