In conclusion, given the positive health outcomes that breastfeeding confers to infants and mothers, and the large economic benefits to society gained from a decrease in disease burden, continued attention should be dedicated to the support of breastfeeding mothers of hospitalized infants. While we did not find a difference in breastfeeding proportions between groups, the qualitative findings clearly illustrated the benefits of our intervention to mothers. The decision to breastfeed is multifactorial and hospital-based lactation support may be only a small piece of the puzzle in hospitalized jaundiced infants. Further studies may be needed to fully elucidate the impact of an in-hospital lactation support program on successful breastfeeding for these infants.