It was noted as a result of the survey (Table 1) that EM sensitivities varied significantly by
species. Elasmobranchs (sharks and skates) were noted to have extreme sensitivity to lowfrequency
AC electric fields, including the area between 1/8th to 8 Hz, but no notation was made
for sensitivity to magnetic fields. Telost fish, including salmonids, also have an electric field
sensitivity, but one that is orders of magnitude lower (less sensitive) than sharks. Elasmobranchs
provide the most stringent requirement for electric field sensing, with some species sensitive to
levels as low as 1 nV/m (1 x 10-9 volts/meter).