Pest problems encountered in cauliflower vary among seasons As a result, an IPM strategy was developed with tactics that were specific to the season and local conditions, in addition to information available in the literature. Details of the experimental design and implementation of IPM were similar to our previous studies Both the IPM and non-IPM production systems were implemented using locally accepted agronomic practices . Practices were specific to the two key stages of plant growth: production of seedlings in a common nursery and growth of the plants in thefield from transplanting until harvest.