Conclusion
The results of the current research indicated that the application of local cold and hot packs lead to
a decrease in the size and frequency of bruising following injections of 60 mg of enoxaparin
sodium. In addition, the combined application of local cold and hot enhanced the effectiveness
of the intervention.
Given the positive impact of this intervention, consideration may be given to this approach as
a strategy to preserve patient safety through elimination or reduction of post-injection bruising
related to injections of enoxaparin sodium. Implementation of this strategy is inexpensive and
easy to use, can preserve patient safety and also improve the quality of nursing care from the phys-
ical aspects for hospitalized patients in cardiology wards and so it has important clinical impli-
cations for nursing practice.