Speaking about the tension as if it were a tactical puzzle, Foucault asks, "How then was the art of government able to outflank these obstacles?" (Burchell et al., 1991, p. ix). His answer, not surprisingly, involves "a number of general processes," including demographic and economic change as well as theoretical developments related to "populations" (p. ix).
Ultimately, the split happened: "The problem of government finally came to be thought, reflected and calculated outside of the juridical framework of sovereignty" (Burchell et al., 1991, p. ix). The model of the family, earlier so important, now diminishes as a model, "except for . . . residual themes of a religious or moral nature" (p. ix). Instead of family, we have population. Methods of elaborating, defending, and inculcating discipline became more important "when it became important to manage a population" (p. ix). The result is "a triangle, sovereignty-discipline-government, which has as its primary target the population and as its essential mechanism the apparatus of security" (p. ix). That is governmentality.