Results
Table 1 shows the general characteristics of the study
population by sex.
It was observed the 3.8% of the studied participants consumed
supplements containing vitamin D (whether as part
of a multivitamin supplement or combined with calcium)
but, although 8.6% of the vitamin comes from supplements,
most (91.4%) comes from food sources (Table 2).
The participants who did not meet (NM) the DRI for
vitamin D (81.6%) on average had intakes of vitamin D
significantly lower [2.0 (1.2) lg day–1; 39.9% (25.0%) of
DRI] than those participants who met (M) the DRI
for vitamin D (M) (18.4%) [10.0 (5.4) lg day–1;
200.3% (108.7%) of DRI; P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively].
In addition, vitamin D intake provided by food
[1.9 (1.2) versus 8.7 (6.0) lg day–1; P < 0.001] and dietary
supplements [0.01 (0.21) versus 1.3 (2.9) lg day–1;
P < 0.001] was significantly lower in NM participants
than in M participants (Table 3).
The consumption of fish [77.4 (88.6) versus 131.2
(101.3) g day–1; P < 0.001], vegetables [273.6 (157.7)
versus 340.1 (188.6) g day–1; P < 0.01] and fruits [244.6
(216.4) versus 311.1 (248.7) g day–1; P < 0.05] was significantly lower in NM participants than in M participants.
However, the consumption of meat was higher in M participants
than in NM participants [170.0 (94.7) versus
133.7 (99.5) g day–1; P < 0.01] (Table 4).