Four types of goal orientation can thus be distinguished: mastery-avoidance, mastery-approach, performance-avoidance, and performance-approach (Elliot, 1999). DeShon and Gillespie (2005) provided a large overview of the concept goal orientation and the fundamental differences in conceptualizations of goal orientations over time. Their fundamental statement is that the study of goal orientations is an examination of choice behaviour in achievement situations. They state that depending on a specific achievement situation a person is able to switch goal orientations over the course of working on a task. To better understand this switching phenomenon, goal orientations need to be studied within specific achievement situations.