a few generations ago ,many employees assumed that they would work for a single organization for their entire career.The assumption was that they would exchange a lifetime of loyalty and good work for a lifetime of job security . That perception changed in the 1980s and 1990s as downsizing became a more common part of working life.In 1992, downsizing statitics peaked as 3.4 million jobs were lost,and annual job losses have remained that high ever since. Downsizing represents a form of involuntary turnover when employees are forced to leave the organization regardless of their previous levels of commitment.The increase in downsizing has gone hand in hand with increases in temporary workers and outsourcing, fundamentally altering the was employees view their relationships with their employers.