4.2 Parameters affecting the packing density
The bulk density divided by the density of the solids is defined as the packing density
[Hoy, 1998]. The packing density (PD) can be calculated with Equation 4.1; the
required parameters are the density and the weight of the solids filled into a container of
a specified volume. The porosity is the volume of interstices within the granular skeleton
(1-PD).