The developed world’s protection against the
developing world’s agricultural exports is four to
seven times higher than that against the developing
world’s manufacturing exports.13 In addition,
many agricultural goods face tariff escalation.
14Tariffs of up to 500 percent are sometimes
applied by the United States, European Union,
Japan, and Canada on products that include
beef, dairy products, vegetables, fresh and dried
fruit, cereals, sugar, prepared fruit and vegetables,
wine, spirits, and tobacco.15