Although less common than aqueous-based foam, non-aqueous foam has numerous uses in a broad range of
industries. The vast quantity of work on understanding
foam has been conducted on aqueous systems and many
of the underlying concepts concerning foam generationand stability can be applied to non-aqueous systems. In
both type of systems, high surface viscoelasticity, and
barriers that prevent foam-film rupture promote foam
stability. However, the low gas/liquid surface tension
Abstract—Non-Aqueous and Crude Oil Foams—Foams produced from non-aqueous media are
less common than water-based foams but they play an important role in many industries and engi-neering processes. The low surface tension of hydrocarbon fluids limits the adsorption of common
surface activity substances and different compounds and methods must be considered to generate
and stabilize oil-based foam. Likewise, the destruction of unwanted non-aqueous based foam requires
specific considerations not found with aqueous systems. Of particular interest are petroleum-based
foams, which are highly complex due to the wide variety of compounds and gases that can be found.
We provide an overview of the major mechanisms known to be important for non-aqueous foam sta-bility with a spotlight on crude-oil foams.
Although less common than aqueous-based foam, non-aqueous foam has numerous uses in a broad range of
industries. The vast quantity of work on understanding
foam has been conducted on aqueous systems and many
of the underlying concepts concerning foam generationand stability can be applied to non-aqueous systems. In
both type of systems, high surface viscoelasticity, and
barriers that prevent foam-film rupture promote foam
stability. However, the low gas/liquid surface tension
Abstract—Non-Aqueous and Crude Oil Foams—Foams produced from non-aqueous media are
less common than water-based foams but they play an important role in many industries and engi-neering processes. The low surface tension of hydrocarbon fluids limits the adsorption of common
surface activity substances and different compounds and methods must be considered to generate
and stabilize oil-based foam. Likewise, the destruction of unwanted non-aqueous based foam requires
specific considerations not found with aqueous systems. Of particular interest are petroleum-based
foams, which are highly complex due to the wide variety of compounds and gases that can be found.
We provide an overview of the major mechanisms known to be important for non-aqueous foam sta-bility with a spotlight on crude-oil foams.
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