The experiments were carried out in two groups. The first was carried out to determine the effect of the pyrolysis temperature and the heating rate on pyrolysis yields with the particles of 0.425e0.600 mm. The temperature was increased from room temperature to 400, 450, 500 and 550 C while the heating rates were either 7 or 40 C min 1. Experimental apparatus was held at adjusted temperature either a minimum of 30 min or until no further significant release of gas was observed. Following pyrolysis, the volatile products passed through five traps, which were placed in an ice bath. Liquid products were condensed in ice cooled traps and recovered with DCM (dichloro methane) washing. The aqueous phase was separated from oil phase with a sepa- rating funnel. The bio-oil and solvent mixture was passed over dry sodium sulphate to make it water free and then the solvent was recovered from bio-oil by rotavapour. The residual solid in the reactor was weighed as char. The gas yield was calculated by taking the difference.