LDL and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) were calculated using Friedwald’s equations [LDL = TC-TG/2.2; VLDL = TC-(LDL+HDL)]. Furthermore, a homeostasis model assessment of IN resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to evaluate IN resistance, and calculated as follows: fasting IN [(IU/L) × fasting plasma glucose mg/dL]/405, as described by Matthews et al. [21].
Statistical analyses