C, if the optimal location of new collection sites is taken into
account,
S, if the presence of existing or new transfer stations is
considered,
P, if either the opening of new processing facilities or optimizing
the operating of existing processing facilities is evaluated,
L, if existing or new landfill, disposal or market facilities are
considered.
VO
VS VP
VL
Energy
Recycled materials
Fig. 1. Network representation of a SWM system.
G. Ghiani 24 et al. / Computers & Operations Research 44 (2014) 22–32
Author's personal copy
The third field “ c” describes additional constraints and characteristics
of the problem, again possibly separated by commas: