PATHOPHYSIOLOGY/ETIOLOGY
The development of SLE is a complex immune process that is brought about by dysregulation of B- and T-lymphocytes, the production of auto-antibodies, and the formation of immune complexes.11 Cytokines are thought to play a key role in SLE; however, the extent to which they affect progression of lupus is not clear. Their involvement may help explain the variations seen in the clinical manifestations of patients. More research is needed to identify the role of cytokines in order to better understand the disease progression as well as find new treatment options.