The differences in size and significance of effects over the three school levels, with more
significant effects and most often the strongest effects found for JSS 3 and the weakest for JSS 1 students, has three potential explanations. First is a differential in programme content or delivery across school levels with the programme as delivered in lower levels not sufficient to effect change. Second is that differences in maturation, cognitive or sexual development, or in the circumstances of students at different school levels resulted in different responses to the programme. On average, the age of students increased across the three years of junior secondary school. These differences may very well have influenced responses to the programme. Third is that there is some element of a dose response to the programme. Students in JSS 1 had only been exposed to the programme for 4 months prior to data collection; whereas, students in JSS 2 and 3 were exposed for the same 4 months plus the entire previous school year. Teacher responses to survey questions indicate they felt JSS 1 was the appropriate grade to begin this programme and that these students were ‘old enough’ for the programme. However, an examination of the schemes of work provided by the Ministry of Education show different content and time allocated to teaching across the three school levels, with the least in JSS 1 and most in JSS 3. Also, analysis of focus group discussions shows a gradelevel increase in the independent synthesis of information and formulation of personal responses to questions. At lower grades, talk about HIV, sexuality, and prevention methods, was general and nearly identical in wording across schools and focus groups, as if participants were repeating what they had been told. When asked for examples, the original phrases (e.g. use condoms, abstain from sex) were either repeated or only minimally changed in wording. In higher grade levels the same responses were worded differently by different participants and in different groups and specific examples that could well have reflected personal experience were provided. Several examples for focus groups with JSS 3 students in different schools:
The differences in size and significance of effects over the three school levels, with more
significant effects and most often the strongest effects found for JSS 3 and the weakest for JSS 1 students, has three potential explanations. First is a differential in programme content or delivery across school levels with the programme as delivered in lower levels not sufficient to effect change. Second is that differences in maturation, cognitive or sexual development, or in the circumstances of students at different school levels resulted in different responses to the programme. On average, the age of students increased across the three years of junior secondary school. These differences may very well have influenced responses to the programme. Third is that there is some element of a dose response to the programme. Students in JSS 1 had only been exposed to the programme for 4 months prior to data collection; whereas, students in JSS 2 and 3 were exposed for the same 4 months plus the entire previous school year. Teacher responses to survey questions indicate they felt JSS 1 was the appropriate grade to begin this programme and that these students were ‘old enough’ for the programme. However, an examination of the schemes of work provided by the Ministry of Education show different content and time allocated to teaching across the three school levels, with the least in JSS 1 and most in JSS 3. Also, analysis of focus group discussions shows a gradelevel increase in the independent synthesis of information and formulation of personal responses to questions. At lower grades, talk about HIV, sexuality, and prevention methods, was general and nearly identical in wording across schools and focus groups, as if participants were repeating what they had been told. When asked for examples, the original phrases (e.g. use condoms, abstain from sex) were either repeated or only minimally changed in wording. In higher grade levels the same responses were worded differently by different participants and in different groups and specific examples that could well have reflected personal experience were provided. Several examples for focus groups with JSS 3 students in different schools:
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