The second primary function requires the timely identification of the average inertial input in order to minimize delays in the transfer of processor. Since the estimator performance is independent of the controller dynamics, an accurate estimate of the inertial input can be made even though the inertial element may not be nulled. Furthermore, the estimator resolution is not limited to that of the torque command; it is only limited by the uncertainty in the measurement and can therefore exceed the resolution of the torque command.