tration and the number of the components, which are
pronounced strong carbide-forming elements in the melt.
The time during which the compound remains in its
molten state is very short. For in-flight particles with a
velocity of 150 m/s and a substrate stand-off distance of
130 mm, the time is about ~0.85 ms. Owing to the short
existence time of the compounds in a molten state, the
diffusion is restricted. A part of the dissolved tungsten
could alloy substitutionally and form solid solution with
iron. As the tungsten-iron alloy starts to solidify, the
tungsten tends to form carbides