Mary Whiton Calkins was the 14th President of APA and the first woman to serve in that office. Although she earned her PhD at Harvard under William James, Calkins was refused the degree by the Harvard Corporation (who continues to refuse to grant the degree posthumously) on the grounds that Harvard did not accept women. This, despite the praise of all who worked with her, including the German-American psychologist Hugo Münsterberg who wrote that she was the strongest student in his laboratory since he had arrived at Harvard. Now, Calkins is considered as one the most important first-generation American psychologists. She established one of the first psychological laboratories in the country at Wellesley College, she published four books and over a hundred papers in psychology and philosophy, and she was ranked 12th in a list of the 50 most eminent psychologists in the United States in 1903.