Effects of clove essential oil microemulsions on spore germination (A), germ tube elongation (B) and microscope images (C) of P. digitatum. Data represent mean ± standard
deviation. Different lowercase letters within a column indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). ND (not determined), the germ tube length could not be determined because the
germ tubes were too long and enwind each other. Germination and germ tube length were determined microscopically (C) after 18 h incubation at 28 C in potato dextrose broth
(for control, magnification ¼ 960; for other treatments, magnification ¼ 2560).