Recently, the use of zero-valent iron (ZVI) has been reported to decolorize an azo dye solution by the reduction of the azo bond (―N=N―) on the iron surface. However, application of ZVI reduction in the degradation of azo dye solutions is still limited because it produces reaction intermediates, which require further mineralization to meet local effluent standards.
dyes in water is a cause wastewater.