Argentina benefits from rich natura

Argentina benefits from rich natural resources, a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Although one of the world's wealthiest countries 100 years ago, Argentina suffered during most of the 20th century from recurring economic crises, persistent fiscal and current account deficits, high inflation, mounting external debt, and capital flight.
A severe depression, growing public and external indebtedness, and an unprecedented bank run culminated in 2001 in the most serious economic, social, and political crisis in the country's turbulent history. Interim President Adolfo RODRIGUEZ SAA declared a default - at the time the largest ever - on the government's foreign debt in December of that year, and abruptly resigned only a few days after taking office. His successor, Eduardo DUHALDE, announced an end to the peso's decade-long 1-to-1 peg to the US dollar in early 2002. The economy bottomed out that year, with real GDP 18% smaller than in 1998 and almost 60% of Argentines under the poverty line. Real GDP rebounded to grow by an average 8.5% annually over the subsequent six years, taking advantage of previously idled industrial capacity and labor, an audacious debt restructuring and reduced debt burden, excellent international financial conditions, and expansionary monetary and fiscal policies. Inflation also increased, however, during the administration of President Nestor KIRCHNER, which responded with price restraints on businesses, as well as export taxes and restraints, and beginning in 2007, with understating inflation data.
Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER succeeded her husband as President in late 2007, and the rapid economic growth of previous years began to slow sharply the following year as government policies held back exports and the world economy fell into recession. The economy in 2010 rebounded strongly from the 2009 recession, but has slowed since late 2011 even as the government continued to rely on expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, which have kept inflation in the double digits.
The government has taken multiple steps in recent years to deal with these problems. It expanded state intervention in the economy throughout 2012. In May 2012 the Congress approved the nationalization of the oil company YPF from Spain's Repsol. The government expanded formal and informal measures to restrict imports during the year, including a requirement for pre-registration and pre-approval of all imports. In July 2012 the government also further tightened currency controls in an effort to bolster foreign reserves and stem capital flight. In October 2013, the government settled long-standing international arbitral disputes dating back to before and following the 2001 Argentine financial crisis. During 2014, the government continued with expansionary fiscal and monetary policies and foreign exchange and imports controls. Between 2011 and 2013, Central Bank foreign reserves had dropped $21.3 billion from a high of $52.7 billion. In July 2014, Argentina and China agreed on an $11 billion currency swap; the Argentine Central Bank has received the equivalent of $3.2 billion in Chinese yuan, which it counts as international reserves.
In 2014, the government also took some measures to mend ties with the international financial community, including engaging with the IMF to improve its economic data reporting, reaching a compensation agreement with Repsol for the expropriation of YPF, and agreeing to pay $9.7 billion in arrears to the Paris Club over five years, including $606 million owed to the United States. In July 2014, Argentina made its first payment to Paris Club creditors since the country's 2001 financial crisis. At the same time, the Argentine government in July 2014 entered a technical default on its external debt after it failed to reach an agreement with holdout creditors in the US. The government's delay in reaching a settlement and the continuation of interventionist and populist policies are contributing to high inflation and a prolonged recession, according to private analysts.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$947.6 billion (2014 est.)
$943.1 billion (2013 est.)
$916.7 billion (2012 est.)
note: data are in 2014 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 26
GDP (official exchange rate):
$540.2 billion (2014 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
0.5% (2014 est.)
2.9% (2013 est.)
0.8% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 211
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$22,600 (2014 est.)
$22,500 (2013 est.)
$21,800 (2012 est.)
note: data are in 2014 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 78
Gross national saving:
18.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
17.8% of GDP (2013 est.)
16.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101
GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption: 66.9%
government consumption: 16.3%
investment in fixed capital: 15.9%
investment in inventories: 1.4%
exports of goods and services: 16%
imports of goods and services: -16.6% (2014 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture: 10.4%
industry: 29.5%
services: 60.1% (2014 est.)
Agriculture - products:
sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat; livestock
Industries:
food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel
Industrial production growth rate:
-2.1%
note: based on private sector estimates (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 186
Labor force:
17.31 million
note: urban areas only (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 36
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 5%
industry: 23%
services: 72% (2009 est.)
Unemployment rate:
7.3% (2014 est.)
7.1% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
Population below poverty line:
30%
note: data are based on private estimates (2010 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 1.5%
highest 10%: 32.3% (2010 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
45.8 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 34
Budget:
revenues: $117.2 billion
expenditures: $130.5 billion (2014 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
21.9% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-2.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
Public debt:
37.9% of GDP (2014 est.)
39.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
36.4% (2014 est.)
20.7% (2013 est.)
note: data are derived from private estimates
country comparison to the world: 223
Central bank discount rate:
NA%
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
25.5% (31 December 2014 est.)
17.15% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 7
Stock of narrow money:
$54.13 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$62.53 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47
Stock of broad money:
$120.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$139.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
Stock of domestic credit:
$156 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$168.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$34.24 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
$43.58 billion (31 December 2011)
$63.91 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
Current account balance:
-$4.68 billion (2014 est.)
-$4.635 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 167
Exports:
$76.47 billion (2014 est.)
$81.53 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49
Exports - commodities:
soybeans and derivatives, petroleum and gas, vehicles, corn, wheat
Exports - partners:
Brazil 20.3%, China 6.9%, US 5.5% (2014)
Imports:
$65.9 billion (2014 est.)
$70.54 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46
Imports - commodities:
machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and natural gas, organic chemicals, plastics
Imports - partners:
Brazil 23.7%, US 17.9%, China 12.7%, Germany 5.1%, Bolivia 4.2% (2014)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$26.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$30.53 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
Debt - external:
$147 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$143.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$116.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$109.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$35.98 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$34.33 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
Exchange rates:
Argentine pesos (ARS) per US dollar -
8.223 (2014 est.)
5.4594 (2013 est.)
4.54 (2012 est.)
4.1101 (2011 est.)
3.8963 (2010 est.)

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 1:

อาร์เจนตินาได้รับประโยชน์จากทรัพยากรธรรมชาติที่อุดมไปด้วย ประชากร literate สูง การส่งออกภาคเกษตร และฐานอุตสาหกรรมที่หลากหลาย แม้ว่าหนึ่งประเทศโลกร่ำรวย 100 ปี อาร์เจนตินาประสบในช่วงของศตวรรษ 20 เกิดวิกฤติเศรษฐกิจ งบประมาณแบบขาดดุล อัตราเงินเฟ้อสูง ติดหนี้ภายนอก และทุนบินA severe depression, growing public and external indebtedness, and an unprecedented bank run culminated in 2001 in the most serious economic, social, and political crisis in the country's turbulent history. Interim President Adolfo RODRIGUEZ SAA declared a default - at the time the largest ever - on the government's foreign debt in December of that year, and abruptly resigned only a few days after taking office. His successor, Eduardo DUHALDE, announced an end to the peso's decade-long 1-to-1 peg to the US dollar in early 2002. The economy bottomed out that year, with real GDP 18% smaller than in 1998 and almost 60% of Argentines under the poverty line. Real GDP rebounded to grow by an average 8.5% annually over the subsequent six years, taking advantage of previously idled industrial capacity and labor, an audacious debt restructuring and reduced debt burden, excellent international financial conditions, and expansionary monetary and fiscal policies. Inflation also increased, however, during the administration of President Nestor KIRCHNER, which responded with price restraints on businesses, as well as export taxes and restraints, and beginning in 2007, with understating inflation data.Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER succeeded her husband as President in late 2007, and the rapid economic growth of previous years began to slow sharply the following year as government policies held back exports and the world economy fell into recession. The economy in 2010 rebounded strongly from the 2009 recession, but has slowed since late 2011 even as the government continued to rely on expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, which have kept inflation in the double digits.The government has taken multiple steps in recent years to deal with these problems. It expanded state intervention in the economy throughout 2012. In May 2012 the Congress approved the nationalization of the oil company YPF from Spain's Repsol. The government expanded formal and informal measures to restrict imports during the year, including a requirement for pre-registration and pre-approval of all imports. In July 2012 the government also further tightened currency controls in an effort to bolster foreign reserves and stem capital flight. In October 2013, the government settled long-standing international arbitral disputes dating back to before and following the 2001 Argentine financial crisis. During 2014, the government continued with expansionary fiscal and monetary policies and foreign exchange and imports controls. Between 2011 and 2013, Central Bank foreign reserves had dropped $21.3 billion from a high of $52.7 billion. In July 2014, Argentina and China agreed on an $11 billion currency swap; the Argentine Central Bank has received the equivalent of $3.2 billion in Chinese yuan, which it counts as international reserves.In 2014, the government also took some measures to mend ties with the international financial community, including engaging with the IMF to improve its economic data reporting, reaching a compensation agreement with Repsol for the expropriation of YPF, and agreeing to pay $9.7 billion in arrears to the Paris Club over five years, including $606 million owed to the United States. In July 2014, Argentina made its first payment to Paris Club creditors since the country's 2001 financial crisis. At the same time, the Argentine government in July 2014 entered a technical default on its external debt after it failed to reach an agreement with holdout creditors in the US. The government's delay in reaching a settlement and the continuation of interventionist and populist policies are contributing to high inflation and a prolonged recession, according to private analysts.GDP (purchasing power parity):$947.6 billion (2014 est.)$943.1 billion (2013 est.)$916.7 billion (2012 est.)note: data are in 2014 US dollarscountry comparison to the world: 26GDP (official exchange rate):$540.2 billion (2014 est.)GDP - real growth rate:0.5% (2014 est.)2.9% (2013 est.)0.8% (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 211GDP - per capita (PPP):$22,600 (2014 est.)$22,500 (2013 est.)$21,800 (2012 est.)note: data are in 2014 US dollarscountry comparison to the world: 78Gross national saving:18.8% of GDP (2014 est.)17.8% of GDP (2013 est.)
16.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101
GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption: 66.9%
government consumption: 16.3%
investment in fixed capital: 15.9%
investment in inventories: 1.4%
exports of goods and services: 16%
imports of goods and services: -16.6% (2014 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture: 10.4%
industry: 29.5%
services: 60.1% (2014 est.)
Agriculture - products:
sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat; livestock
Industries:
food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel
Industrial production growth rate:
-2.1%
note: based on private sector estimates (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 186
Labor force:
17.31 million
note: urban areas only (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 36
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 5%
industry: 23%
services: 72% (2009 est.)
Unemployment rate:
7.3% (2014 est.)
7.1% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
Population below poverty line:
30%
note: data are based on private estimates (2010 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 1.5%
highest 10%: 32.3% (2010 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
45.8 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 34
Budget:
revenues: $117.2 billion
expenditures: $130.5 billion (2014 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
21.9% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-2.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
Public debt:
37.9% of GDP (2014 est.)
39.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
36.4% (2014 est.)
20.7% (2013 est.)
note: data are derived from private estimates
country comparison to the world: 223
Central bank discount rate:
NA%
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
25.5% (31 December 2014 est.)
17.15% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 7
Stock of narrow money:
$54.13 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$62.53 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47
Stock of broad money:
$120.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$139.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
Stock of domestic credit:
$156 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$168.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$34.24 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
$43.58 billion (31 December 2011)
$63.91 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
Current account balance:
-$4.68 billion (2014 est.)
-$4.635 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 167
Exports:
$76.47 billion (2014 est.)
$81.53 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49
Exports - commodities:
soybeans and derivatives, petroleum and gas, vehicles, corn, wheat
Exports - partners:
Brazil 20.3%, China 6.9%, US 5.5% (2014)
Imports:
$65.9 billion (2014 est.)
$70.54 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46
Imports - commodities:
machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and natural gas, organic chemicals, plastics
Imports - partners:
Brazil 23.7%, US 17.9%, China 12.7%, Germany 5.1%, Bolivia 4.2% (2014)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$26.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$30.53 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
Debt - external:
$147 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$143.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$116.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$109.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$35.98 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$34.33 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
Exchange rates:
Argentine pesos (ARS) per US dollar -
8.223 (2014 est.)
5.4594 (2013 est.)
4.54 (2012 est.)
4.1101 (2011 est.)
3.8963 (2010 est.)

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 3:

อาร์เจนตินาได้รับประโยชน์จากทรัพยากรธรรมชาติที่อุดมไปด้วยประชากรสูงรู้หนังสือ ภาคการเกษตรที่มุ่งเน้นการส่งออกและหลากหลายฐานอุตสาหกรรม แม้ว่าหนึ่งในประเทศที่ร่ำรวยที่สุดในโลก เมื่อ 100 ปีก่อน อาร์เจนตินาประสบในระหว่างการมากที่สุดของศตวรรษที่ 20 จากวิกฤตเศรษฐกิจที่เกิดขึ้น เงินเฟ้อสูง เศรษฐกิจและการขาดดุลบัญชีเดินสะพัดถาวร , ติดตั้งภายนอก หนี้และทุนการบิน .
ภาวะซึมเศร้ารุนแรง ประชาชนและการเติบโตจากภายนอก และเป็นธนาคารที่เคยวิ่ง culminated ใน 2001 ในทางเศรษฐกิจที่ร้ายแรงที่สุดในประวัติศาสตร์ทางสังคม ทางการเมือง และการป่วนของประเทศ ระหว่างประธานาธิบดี Adolfo Rodriguez SAA ประกาศเริ่มต้น - ในเวลาที่ใหญ่ที่สุดที่เคยในหนี้ต่างประเทศของรัฐบาลในเดือนธันวาคมของปีนั้นและฉับพลันได้เพียงไม่กี่วัน หลังจากการสำนักงาน ของเขา ทายาท อาโด ดู ลเด้ , ประกาศจุดสิ้นสุดของทศวรรษยาว 1 ถึง 1 เปโซตรึงดอลลาร์สหรัฐในช่วงต้นปี 2002 เศรษฐกิจ bottomed ออกในปีนั้น ด้วย Real GDP ร้อยละ 18 มีขนาดเล็กกว่าในปี 1998 และเกือบร้อยละ 60 ของ argentines ภายใต้เส้นความยากจน Real GDP rebounded เติบโตโดยเฉลี่ย 8.5 % เป็นรายปี ต่อมาปีประโยชน์ของอุตสาหกรรมการผลิต idled ก่อนหน้านี้และแรงงาน การปรับโครงสร้างหนี้และลดภาระหนี้ภายใต้เงื่อนไขทางการเงินระหว่างประเทศที่ยอดเยี่ยม , และนโยบายการเงินและนโยบายการคลังขยายตัว . อัตราเงินเฟ้อที่เพิ่มขึ้น อย่างไรก็ตาม ในช่วงการบริหารงานของประธานาธิบดีเนสเตอร์เคิร์ชเนอร์ซึ่งตอบสนองกับราคาที่พันธนาการธุรกิจรวมทั้งภาษีส่งออกและ restraints และเริ่มต้นในปี 2007 กับรวมข้อมูลเงินเฟ้อ คริสตินา เฟอร์นันเดซ เดอ เคิร์ชเนอร์
สำเร็จสามีเป็นประธานาธิบดีในปลายปี 2007 และการเจริญเติบโตทางเศรษฐกิจอย่างรวดเร็วของปีก่อนหน้านี้เริ่มชะลอตัวลงอย่างมากในปีต่อไปตามนโยบายรัฐบาลจัดขึ้นหลังการส่งออกและเศรษฐกิจโลกตกอยู่ในภาวะถดถอย