Corruption causes harm to communities and undermines security. Where it exists it can, among other things, increase the costs of doing business, ration essential services unfairly, diminish the quality of social, educational and health services, create unsafe infrastructure, cause dreadful harm to the environment, diminish the capacity of local and national government, and undermine the rule of law. It can enrich the powerful and impoverish the powerless, and apart from the tangible ill effects, it affronts citizens who expect principles, processes and laws to underpin regular authoritative interactions.