Oxidative stress is the state of imbalance between the level of antioxidant
defense system and production of oxygen-derived species (ODS) which are inevitably
produced as by-products of normal aerobic metabolism. Increased O2 concentration
and production of oxygen-derived species, e.g. superoxide anion (O2
•-), hydroxyl
(OH•
), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radicals can accelerate oxidative stress. The
ground-state oxygen (O2) molecule is gained a single unpaired electron, and becomes
O2
•-, O2
•- which rapidly reacts with different metabolic enzymes as well as cations
(Dhalla, Temsah and Netticadan, 2000). In additional H2O2 is product from reduction