This study was undertaken to standardize protocols for in vitro explant establishment, shoot multiplication and in
vitro rooting for Pyrus pyrifolia, growing in the Kashmir valley. The explant used was nodal cuttings of 2-3cm
size with one or two axillary buds. The highest explant establishment (over 90%) was observed during spring
while the lowest (60%) explant establishment frequency was observed during winter season. The shoots
sprouted from the axillary buds were excised and subcultured on MS basal medium. The highest shoot
multiplication rate (130 shoots from a single nodal cutting) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with
BAP 2.2 mg·L^sup -1^ and kinetin 1 mg·L^sup -1^ after four weeks. The shoots were inoculated for rooting in
root induction medium of half strength MS salts supplemented with plant growth regulators like IBA, IAA, NAA,
and 2, 4-D. However, the best rooting response (8.50 roots per shoot) was obtained in combination of
hormones (IBA + NAA) 0.25 mg·L^sup -1^ each. The rooted micro shoots were acclimatized under decreasing
humidity regime (95% RH to 75% RH over a period of 5±1 weeks). The highest ex vitro plantlet survival
percentage (56.50%) of Pyrus pyrifolia was observed on sand + soil (1:1 v/v).[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]