1.4.2. Hypotheses
Given the aforementioned differing arguments of the
PME and VME advocates, as well as, the lack of a coherent
theory on physicality and its relation to physics learning,
contrasting hypotheses about the effect of physicality were
formulated.
With respect to the first research question, the PME advo-
cates argue that physicality is important in physics learning
and, therefore the participants in the PME alone condition
would have better understanding of
H
&
T
concepts than those
in the VME alone condition (Hypothesis 1a). On the other
hand, if physicality is not important in physics learning, then
there would be no difference between the effects of PME and
VME on the understanding of
H
&
T
concepts (Hypothesis 1b).