As described in Fenwick (2006), learning is also used to refer to outcomes: the
knowledge produced or the evidence of behavioural change. Some clarify their intent to
examine product by calling it ‘learning outcome’, but many simply use learning to mean
both knowledge-creating actions as well as new knowledge that has been created and
captured (e.g. Macpherson, Jones, Zhang & Wilson, 2003). Hager (2004) argued that
the common-sense view of learning is in fact product-oriented: most people think of
learning as acquisition of new skills. In these orientations, learning = knowledge which
= information. Information is often treated in a static fashion as something that can be
created, used, exchanged and stored. Few questions are raised about what is recognized
as new, what is ‘useful’, what is foregrounded as a solution, or from whose vantage
point (spatially and temporally) all of these judgments are made. Most critical, the
meaning and scope of the term learning as employed by the author(s) or the workplace
actors is rarely made explicit in these writings. Not only hidden realities, but also
hidden normativities lurk in these enactments.