In English education in countries where English has traditionally been taught as a foreign language (EFL), as well as in English-as-a-second-language (ESL) contexts (Davies, 2003) It is based on a review of studies on CBI as well as observations of over 30 CBI classes at the elementary and secondary school in East Asian EFL contexts (China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan) The distinction between ESL and EFL may not be clear cut in certain regions (e.g., in parts of Europe), this distinction has important implications for English teaching and learning (Strevens, 1992) in a number of regions, including East Asia.