Commercially processed black peppers and dried red peppers were purchased at a local grocery store (Seoul, Korea). Two types of black pepper, whole (− 5 + 6 mesh) and ground (− 20 + 40 mesh), and three types of dried red pepper (+ 16 mesh, − 16 + 25 mesh, and − 25 mesh) divided by differences in particle size determined using a sieve shaker (Chung Gye Industrial Mfg., Co., Gyeonggi, Korea) were used. For inoculation, 0.3 ml of the culture cocktail was applied to each 25 g of samples filled about 1 cm in glass beakers (7.5 cm in diameter and 10.0 cm deep). The inoculated samples were mixed to ensure even distribution of the pathogens and dried for 1 h inside a biosafety hood (22 ± 2 °C) (Akbas and Ozdemir, 2008 and Emer et al., 2008).