2. Select approximately one-third of the papers with the highest scores and call this the
upper group (10 papers). Select the same number of papers with the lowest scores
and call this the lower group (10 papers). Set the middle group of papers aside (12
papers). Although these could be included in the analysis, using only the upper and
lower groups simplifies the procedure.
3. For each item, count the number of students in the upper groups who selected each
alternative., Make the same count for the lower group.
4. Record the count, from step 3, on a copy of the test, in columns to the left of the
alternatives to which each count refers. The count may also be recorded on the item
card or on a separate sheet, as follows: