Many regard France as a nation with a distinctive and world-renown cuisine. However, the common
hamburger became the center of a public dialog in 2009e2010 as the nation grappled with the meaning
of fast-food processed by halal standards. Using content analysis of national newspapers, we analyze
how the French media framed the introduction of a halal hamburger onto the menu of fast-food
restaurant Quick. Media framing was unsettled and contentious. We explore this discursive contest
and show that the framing of responses ranged from those supporting acceptance of the halal menu
based on free-market logic or cultural diversity, while most constructed arguments that the menu was a
threat to the very essence of French republican ideals. Such interpretative disputes hold valuable insights
for furthering our understanding of food boundaries and the ‘othering’ of populations as a strategy to
reinforce national identities. We show how, in their efforts to construct meaning around halal hamburgers,
the media constructed a defensive gastronationalism which served as a political tool to reinforce
French identity within national borders, using everyday foods, and, in this way, drew boundaries around
who was French.
Many regard France as a nation with a distinctive and world-renown cuisine. However, the commonhamburger became the center of a public dialog in 2009e2010 as the nation grappled with the meaningof fast-food processed by halal standards. Using content analysis of national newspapers, we analyzehow the French media framed the introduction of a halal hamburger onto the menu of fast-foodrestaurant Quick. Media framing was unsettled and contentious. We explore this discursive contestand show that the framing of responses ranged from those supporting acceptance of the halal menubased on free-market logic or cultural diversity, while most constructed arguments that the menu was athreat to the very essence of French republican ideals. Such interpretative disputes hold valuable insightsfor furthering our understanding of food boundaries and the ‘othering’ of populations as a strategy toreinforce national identities. We show how, in their efforts to construct meaning around halal hamburgers,the media constructed a defensive gastronationalism which served as a political tool to reinforceFrench identity within national borders, using everyday foods, and, in this way, drew boundaries aroundwho was French.
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