The changes
in C. glaucofraenum population densities can be directly
attributed to lionfish predation on recruits (Albins and
Hixon 2008; Albins 2012) and on juvenile and adult fish
(Slattery pers obs); these events often result in the loss of
macerated tissue and fluids across the predators’ gills (i.e.,
damage-released cues).