effective adolescent sexual and reproductive health programming in developing countries [8,9].
In 2005, the first literature review on risk and protective factors that related to adolescent sexual and reproductive health in developing countries was published by the World Health Organization [10,11]. The review analyzed peer-reviewed studies published between 1990 and 2002 that examined risk and protective factors related to sexual initiation, number of sexual partners, condom use, contraceptive use, pregnancy and early childbearing, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and STIs. Review criteria included publications that were conducted in a low- or middle-income country (LMIC); had a sample size of at least 100 young people aged 10e24 years, and used multivariate analysis. A total of 158 articles were analyzed and synthesized for the 1990e2002 review.
Because it has been a decade since the last review, a second review was conducted and merged with the original to provide a more comprehensive and current picture of the risk and protective factors that influence adolescent sexual and